Ejemplos de Un Futuro de Energía Limpia

Las microrredes están viviendo un gran momento.

Una representación de la Nueva Terminal Uno en el Aeropuerto Internacional John F. Kennedy.AlphaStruxure

Los Estados Unidos está al borde de su transformación más importante desde el New Deal. Lea más sobre lo que se necesita para descarbonizar la economía y lo que se interpone en el camino aquí. (La mayoría de los artículos están en inglés. Puedes leer la versión en inglés de este aquí.)

Al igual que los aviones de la imagen de arriba, las microrredes están listas para despegar. Si nunca ha oído hablar de una microrred, pronto lo hará. “Con diferentes diseños y ámbitos de aplicación,” como explica la periodista Lois Parshley en el artículo que acompaña a nuestro paquete Electrificar Todo, “el denominador común es que se trata de un sistema local, relativamente pequeño, capaz de generar, almacenar y/o distribuir electricidad que puede funcionar tanto conectado como desconectado de la red general si fuera necesario. Pueden ser públicas o privadas y puede incluir desde el grupo de vecinos que comparte un panel solar a una mina de bitcoins alimentada por su propio parque eólico.” Aquí hay ejemplos de cuatro proyectos en varias etapas de finalización:

No hacer (tanto) daño

Las autoridades de San José (California) acaban de dar luz verde a una ambiciosa propuesta de Google para crear una urbanización de 80 acres en el centro de la ciudad. Incluirá más de 7 millones de metros cuadrados de oficinas con capacidad para albergar a 25.000 empleados y medio millón más para tiendas, restaurantes, espacios artísticos y organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. También habrá 4.000 nuevas viviendas, una cuarta parte de las cuales se reservarán para familias de bajos ingresos. El proyecto, que obtendrá casi toda su energía de una gran microrred de energía fotovoltaica distribuida y almacenada en baterías, está diseñado para desincentivar el transporte eléctrico al exterior y “también da prioridad a los lugares más activos y saludables para mejorar el bienestar colectivo social, físico y mental.”

Una nación bajo el sol

El año pasado, el Departamento de Energía concedió a la Nación Navajo 1,1 millones de dólares para bombas de agua, internet de alta velocidad y una microrred -granja solar, almacenamiento en baterías y un generador de propano para emergencias- para abastecer a 24 hogares del capítulo Kayenta de la nación. Es sólo uno de los varios proyectos de energías renovables en marcha en territorio navajo, donde casi un tercio de los hogares carece de electricidad pese a que el paisaje y el clima del Suroeste, como señaló en su día el entonces presidente tribal Jonathan Nez, lo convierten en “un lugar privilegiado para suministrar ese tipo de energía.”

Ahora los aviones

Los fallos en la red eléctrica causan estragos en el transporte aéreo, por lo que la nueva terminal Uno del aeropuerto internacional JFK, que costará 9.500 millones de dólares, actualmente en construcción, albergará la mayor instalación solar sobre tejado de Nueva York, junto con baterías de almacenamiento y pilas de combustible de reserva cuyo calor residual podrá aprovecharse para calentar y enfriar agua. Sus promotores afirman que, cuando esté terminada en 2030, será el primer centro de tránsito de la región capaz de funcionar totalmente desconectado de la red y “mantener el 100% de las operaciones aeroportuarias durante interrupciones del suministro eléctrico.”

A algunos les gusta la luz

Durante años, los cerca de 510 habitantes de Hot Springs (Carolina del Norte) han dependido de una única línea de 16 km para abastecerse de electricidad. Pero en febrero, Duke Energy puso en marcha una nueva microrred de energía solar y baterías “capaz de abastecer a toda una pequeña ciudad en caso de corte de la línea principal.” Bonus: el proyecto reduce “la necesidad de actualizar los equipos en una zona ecológicamente sensible.” 

Traducido por Alberto Arce.

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